PENGGUNAAN AROMATERAPI UNTUK NYERI PADA PASIEN MEDIKAL-BEDAH DI INDONESIA: SEBUAH TINJAUAN INTEGRATIF
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Aromaterapi sering disalahartikan dalam opsi penanganan nyeri. Penggunaan aromaterapi pada pasien dewasa di Indonesia diinvestigasi dengan penelitian tinjauan integratif Whitemore and Knoff, memuat artikel yang dipublikasi tahun 2012-2021, full paper, dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dari google cendekia, dan fokus pada pasien nyeri medikal-bedah, dengan kata kunci “aromaterapi untuk nyeri” dilaporkan dalam diagram pelaporan PRISMA. Enam artikel memenuhi kriteria “tinggi” oleh QualSyst tool. Ditemukan bahwa, indikasi penggunaan dari aromaterapi dalam bidang medikal adalah nyeri kepala dan kanker, dimana aromaterapi lavender serta aromaterapi lemon (kombinasi dengan progressive muscle relaxation). Selanjutnya, dalam bidang bedah, indikasi penggunaan aromaterapi adalah nyeri paska bedah mayor, post-laparatomy dan fraktur ekstremitas, dimana aromaterapi lavender, aromaterapi lemon dan juga lemon yang dikombinasi dengan guided imagery adalah pilihan-pilihan aromaterapi. Umumnya aromaterapi diberikan melalui administrasi inhalasi. Secara umum, ditemukan aromaterapi efektif menurunkan nyeri pada pasien medikal bedah. Perawat dapat mempertimbangkan penggunaan aromaterapi lemon dan lavender untuk manajemen nyeri. Bagi manajemen Rumah Sakit untuk dapat mempertimbangkan penggunaan aromaterapi ini karena terbukti efektif dengan efek samping minimal dan rendah biaya.
Kata kunci: aromaterapi, Indonesia, medikal-bedah, nyeri
ABSTRACT
Aromatherapy is often misinterpreted in pain management options. The use of aromatherapy in adult patients in Indonesia was investigated with Whitemore and Knoff integrative review design, including articles published in 2012-2021, full paper, in Indonesian, from Google Scholar, and focus on patients of medical-surgical pain, with the keyword of "aromatherapy for pain" reported in PRISMA reporting diagram. Six articles meet "high" criteria by the QualSyst tool. It was found that, indications of the use of aromatherapy in the field of “medical” are headaches and cancer, where lavender aromatherapy and lemon aromatherapy (combined with progressive muscle relaxation). Furthermore, in the field of “surgical”, indications of the use of aromatherapy are major post-surgical pain, post-laparatomy and fractures of extremities, where lavender aromatherapy, lemon aromatherapy and lemon combined with guided imagery are aromatherapy options. Generally, aromatherapy is administered via inhalation. In general, it was found that aromatherapy is effective in pain alleviation for medical-surgical patients. Nurses may consider the use of lemon and lavender aromatherapy for pain management. For hospital management to consider the use of aromatherapy because it has been proven effective with minimal side effects and low cost.
Keywords: aromatherapy, Indonesia, medical-surgical, pain
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