Nilai Kadar Gula Darah Puasa berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin pada Masyarakat

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and represents a growing public health concern worldwide, in which fasting blood glucose level serves as a key indicator of glycemic status and diabetes risk. Sex differences are known to influence glucose regulation through biological, hormonal, and lifestyle-related factors; however, local evidence comparing fasting blood glucose levels by sex remains limited, particularly in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine differences in fasting blood glucose levels based on sex among community-dwelling adults in Walian Dua Village, Tomohon City. A descriptive correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 122 participants aged ≥40 years, selected using convenience sampling. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured using an Auto-Check 3 in 1 glucometer, and data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Mann–Whitney U test. The results showed that most participants were classified as prediabetic (50.0%), with mean fasting blood glucose levels significantly higher in males (73.58 mg/dL) than in females (54.69 mg/dL) (p = 0.005). In conclusion, fasting blood glucose levels differ significantly by sex, with males demonstrating higher levels and a greater potential risk for dysglycemia. These findings highlight the importance of routine fasting blood glucose screening and gender-sensitive diabetes prevention strategies focusing on lifestyle modification, particularly among middle-aged and older male populations in the community.

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik kronis yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia dan menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang terus meningkat, di mana kadar gula darah puasa berperan penting sebagai indikator status glikemik dan risiko diabetes. Jenis kelamin diketahui memengaruhi regulasi glukosa melalui perbedaan biologis, hormonal, dan gaya hidup, namun data lokal yang membandingkan kadar gula darah puasa berdasarkan jenis kelamin masih terbbatas, khususnya di Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan nilai kadar gula darah puasa berdasarkan jenis kelamin pada masyarakat Kelurahan Walian Dua, Kota Tomohon. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain descriptive correlation dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 122 responden berusia ≥40 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Pengukuran kadar gula darah puasa dilakukan menggunakan glukometer Auto-Check 3 in 1, dan analisis data dilakukan secara univariat serta bivariat menggunakan uji Mann–Whitney U. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berada pada kategori prediabetes (50,0%), dengan rerata kadar gula darah puasa pada laki-laki (73,58 mg/dl) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan (54,69 mg/dl), serta terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan kadar gula darah puasa berdasarkan jenis kelamin (p = 0,005). Disimpulkan bahwa jenis kelamin berhubungan dengan perbedaan nilai kadar gula darah puasa, di mana laki-laki memiliki risiko kadar gula darah lebih tinggi. Oleh karena itu, disarankan adanya skrining rutin dan intervensi pencegahan diabetes melitus berbasis gender melalui edukasi pola hidup sehat pada masyarakat, khususnya kelompok laki-laki usia dewasa dan lanjut usia.